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Indiana’s wildlife still holds surprises—like the 2004 discovery of the mole salamander (Ambystoma talpoideum) in a Posey County bald cypress swamp, marking the species’ first-ever record in the state. This isolated, disjunct population sits far north of the salamander’s typical southeastern range, raising fascinating questions about ancient distributions and survival. What does this hidden amphibian reveal about Indiana’s past—and its conservation future?

By Jim Horton The marbled salamander (Ambystoma opacum) is a fascinating amphibian native to Indiana, well-known for its unique fall breeding season. Unlike many other salamanders that breed in spring, the marbled salamander begins its reproductive cycle in late autumn, typically from September to early November. This breeding strategy is specially adapted to its woodland habitats in the Midwest, where seasonal rains create temporary pools essential for the survival of its la